Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil: for thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff they comfort me. – Psalm 23:4
What are the rod and the staff of God?
In biblical times the rod and staff were a shepherd’s tools.
The rod was used to discipline a sheep with a tap on the side of its head. It could also be used to protect the sheep against predators.
The staff (or crook) is a hooked staff. It was used to hook a sheep’s head to guide it back to the flock.
The rod represents God’s discipline and the staff represents God’s guidance. Both are used to protect God’s followers from harm.
Rods and staves are also used as symbols of leadership or authority in the Bible. Like the rod of Moses and the rod of Aaron, or the staff of Elisha.
Some Bible verses talk about using the rod on a child. This is often misunderstood to mean that the child should be physically beaten. However, there is a big difference between A rod, a physical object, and THE rod, a metaphor for discipline.
Proverbs 13:24:
He that spareth his rod hateth his son: but he that loveth him chasteneth him betimes.
Proverbs 22:15:
Foolishness is bound in the heart of a child; but the rod of correction shall drive it far from him.
And Proverbs 23:13-14:
13 Withhold not correction from the child: for if thou beatest him with the rod, he shall not die.
14 Thou shalt beat him with the rod, and shalt deliver his soul from hell.
From these, and other biblical verses, the saying “spare the rod and spoil the child” was clearly inspired. It does not appear in the Bible.
The saying comes from the 17th-century poem ”Hudibras”, written by Samuel Butler.
God loves those whom He guides and disciplines. THE rod refers to discipline, not corporal punishment.
Proverbs 3:11-12
11 My son, despise not the chastening of the Lord; neither be weary of his correction:
12 For whom the Lord loveth he correcteth; even as a father the son in whom he delighteth.
When God breaks one of His staves, He is breaking a covenant. Read Zechariah chapter 11 to discover what happens when God breaks His two staves, called Beauty and Bands.
The Rod (discipline), and the Staff (guidance) are the tools of a Good Shepherd. Jesus Christ is the shepherd of all who believe in Him. In John chapter 10 Jesus explains His role as the shepherd. In verses 14 through 16 Jesus says:
14 I am the good shepherd, and know my sheep, and am known of mine.
15 As the Father knoweth me, even so know I the Father: and I lay down my life for the sheep.
16 And other sheep I have, which are not of this fold: them also I must bring, and they shall hear my voice; and there shall be one fold, and one shepherd.
And in verses 27 and 28 Jesus says:
27 My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me:
28 And I give unto them eternal life; and they shall never perish, neither shall any man pluck them out of my hand.